Fall 2008 Final

ANTH 335: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
PART I: SHORT ANSWERS
1. State one possible Egyptian source of influence on Christian beliefs (4 pts / 100)
2. Define Hieroglyphs, Hieratic, Demotic, and Coptic scripts. (4 pts / 100)
3. Name and describe three Egyptian Gods: What phenomena are they associated with, and how are
they represented in art? (4 pts / 100)
4. As part of Egyptian political economy, name three ways through which goods and wealth were
redistributed by the central government to the population? (4 pts / 100)
PART II: SHORT ESSAYS (+/- half-page)
5. Discuss the ideology that surrounds the concept of Ma'at. Name one major way in which it
contributed to the long-term stability we witness in ancient Egypt. (6 pts / 100)
6. What is the purpose of State religion? Illustrate your answer with examples from Egypt. (8 pts / 100)
7. Name one main development in religious practice that is characteristic of the New Kingdom. What
archaeological evidence exhibit it? (6 pts / 100)
8. Name 3 reasons why monumental architecture is ubiquitous in Civilizations. In what ways do they
apply to Egypt? (8 pts / 100)
9. Describe Temple architecture and design. (6 pts / 100)
10. Contrast some main aspects of military and warfare between the Middle and New Kingdoms. How
may differences be explained? (6 pts / 100)
11. Recount one Egyptian creation myth. (6 pts / 100)
12. Describe the Weighing of the Heart, including the characters involved. (8 pts / 100)
PART III: LONG ESSAYS (+/- 1 page) ANSWER 2 OUT OF 3 – YOUR CHOICE ! (15 pts / 100
each = 30)
13a. Based on the religious rituals of Ancient Egypt what can we assume about people's attitude toward
change? Illustrate your argument with examples.
13b. Contrast Egyptian presence and administration in Nubia and Canaan during the New Kingdom.
Why are they similar or different?
13c. Name at least three types of archaeological evidence that indicate trade. Describe the nature of
Egyptian trade: which regions was Egypt trading with? what goods was Egypt interested in? Why?

ANTH 335: ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
NOTE: In preparing for the final examination you should be comfortable with the following terms and
concepts and be ready to discuss them in some detail. All of these have either been discussed in lectures
or in textbooks.
– Egyptian influence on western civilization and religion
– Hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic, coptic
– Main Egyptian Gods and Goddesses (i.e. Osiris, Horus, Isis, Nephtys, Seth, Ptah, Thoth,
Anubis, Nut, Geb, etc.)
– Basic principles of Egyptian Political economy (i.e. How staple goods are transformed into
wealth, and how the wealth is redistributed to the population)
– Ma'at ideology and its impact on Egyptian society and religion
– Basic principles of religion, purposes of a State religion
– New Kingdom innovations in religious practices
– Concept of monumentality and its applications to Egyptian society.
– Temple architecture and design
– Evolution of Egyptian war tactics and technologies
– Variations of Egyptian creation myths
– “Weighing of the Heart”
– Different approaches to foreign policies as applied in Nubia and Canaan during the New
Kingdom
– Mittanian Campaigns and Hittite wars
– The role and importance of rituals in Egyptian society.
– Archaeological types of evidence exhibiting trade
– Main Egyptian imports and exports
– Importance of mummification
– Main features of a typical New Kingdom private tomb